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ESD-MSD Mixed
Signal Design Cluster
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Pfäffikon, Zurich (Switzerland) October 22, 2001
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| Summary | |
| A/D converters play an important role in modern telecommunication
systems. The development of faster and more accurate A/D converters is currently
driven equally by the development of new wire-bound communications services
such as ADSL and VDSL and by the needs of third-generation wireless systems
such as UMTS.
This workshop will discuss two quite different A/D converter architectures, namely sigma-delta converters and the employment of this architecture for high-speed designs, as well as two of the most promising Nyquist-rate converter architectures available today, which are the pipelined architecture and folding and interpolating converters. The discussion of the different converter types starts with the basic principles of the architecture. The design process is described with special emphasis on achieving high accuracy, high speed and low power consumption. The presentations also include actual design examples. |
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| click title for abstract | |
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| Introduction to Sigma-Delta Converters
(download PDF, 258kB) |
Prof. Dr. Qiuting Huang |
| High-Bandwidth Lowpass Sigma-Delta A/D Converters
(download PDF, 386kB) |
Pio Balmelli |
| Bandpass Sigma-Delta Converters for Communications
(download PDF, 2520kB) |
Thomas Burger |
| High-Speed Sigma-Delta D/A Converters
(download PDF, 216kB) |
Pier Andrea Francese |
| Nyquist-rate A/D Converters - A General Overview
(download PDF, 66kB) |
Dr. Clemens Hammerschmied |
| Pipelined A/D Converters for Telecommunication
Applications
(download PDF, 158kB) |
Dr. Clemens Hammerschmied |
| High-Speed Folding and Interpolation A/D
Converters
(download PDF, 355kB) |
Jürgen Hertle |
| Introduction to Sigma-Delta Converters (PDF, 258kB) | |
| The first talk gives an overview on A/D converters in general.
The important
parameters that describe the performance of an A/D converter are discussed. In a second step, the fundamentals of the Sigma-Delta architecture are presented. This includes the discussion of oversampling and noise-shaping as well as the general architecture of Sigma-Delta converters. |
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| High-Bandwidth Lowpass Sigma-Delta A/D Converters (PDF, 386kB) | |
| Oversampled baseband Sigma-Delta A/D converters are appreciated
for their
advantages: they do not require a precise sample-and-hold stage, they relax the requirements on the anti-aliasing filter and they achieve a very good linearity (> 14 bit) despite the use of imprecise building blocks. However the need for oversampling reduces the achievable bandwidth and makes Sigma-Delta A/D converters less suitable for high bandwidth communication applications. During the last years the improvement of technologies and the introduction of special architectures that require lower oversampling ratios have allowed to boost the conversion speed. In this course a discussion of the main Sigma-Delta filter architectures is presented, their advantages and disadvantages for achieving high speed and low oversampling ratio are pointed out. As a final example, the design of a 14-bit, 2.5 Msample/s Sigma-Delta A/D converter that consumes only 33 mW is presented. |
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| Bandpass Sigma-Delta Converters for Communications (PDF, 2520kB) | |
| Bandpass Sigma-Delta modulators operate much in the same
manner as
conventional (lowpass) modulators and retain many of their advantages over Nyquist-rate converters. The primary motivation for the development of bandpass converters is the simplicity they impart to systems dealing with narrow-band signals. Such systems include radio-frequency (RF) communication systems, spectrum analyzers, and special-purpose instrumentation for narrow-band sources. In the context of a communication system, early conversion to digital at either the intermediate or radio frequency stage results in a more robust system with improved intermediate-frequency (IF) strip testability and provides opportunities for dealing with the multitude of standards present in commercial broadcasting and telecommunications. This contribution reviews the lowpass to bandpass transformation for Sigma-Delta modulators and discusses different variants of implementation. A larger part is devoted to circuit level optimization, especially the power optimization of the amplifiers. As an example, a UMTS/GSM dual standard Sigma-Delta modulator for IF reception is presented. |
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| High-Speed Sigma-Delta D/A Converters (PDF, 216kB) | |
| The strong demand for providing high data rates to residential
and small
company networks, regardless of the medium used, asks for new products generating and receiving signals with bandwidth exceeding 1 MHz and a resolution of 12-14 bits. There is a strong incentive to implement analog front-end ICs in standard CMOS process technology. The talk explores the use of Sigma-Delta modulation for D/A converter mainly targeted to xDSL applications. While Sigma-Delta modulation is the technique of choice for low-speed, high-resolution D/A converters, especially for digital audio applications, it provides a viable alternative for higher bandwidth applications as well. Several reported architectures and design techniques are presented together with guidelines proved by the speaker during the development of an experimental prototype. |
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| Nyquist A/D Converters - A General Overview (PDF, 66kB) | |
| The second big group of A/D converters is of the Nyquist
type. In contrast to
Sigma-Delta architectures, no oversampling is performed. The prototype of this class of converters is the full flash A/D converter. Although invented over forty years ago, it is still the fastest architecture available today. After repeating the most important specifications of Nyquist A/D converters,
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| Pipelined A/D Converters for Telecommunication Applications (PDF, 158kB) | |
| The pipelined A/D converter architecture, which has become
feasible with the
development of CMOS processes which small feature size and thus capable of delivering high speed, is one of the most important converter types today. Th discussion begins with a stroll through architectures of important
building
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| High-Speed Folding And Interpolation A/D Converters (PDF, 355kB) | |
| The talk on folding and interpolating ADCs starts with
a short introduction of
the basic operation principles of this architecture. After that the limitations of the static accuracy are discussed. The following part presents several techniques to overcome these limitations and to improve the accuracy of the converter. Conversion rate and noise issues are treated subsequently. At the end some measurement results of an integrated 8-bit 50 Msample/s folding and interpolating converter are presented. |
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Last update: November 19, 2001